2 May 1937: the King, his wife, their Führer, the lobster

- Episode 03 -

A quietly brilliant palace coup

A quietly brilliant palace coup
Saturday 7 May 2022
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Ernest Simpson eventually married the woman who gamely agreed to be 'caught in adultery' so that the Simpsons could get their divorce. Mary Kirk was an old friend of Wallis. 
 
Prime Minister Baldwin could have legally prevented Edward marrying Wallis Simpson
 
As the prominent divorce lawyer Stephen Cretney has pointed out, the Simpsons’ divorce could easily have been quashed on legal grounds, in which case there would have been no point at all in Edward abdicating because he would never have been able to marry Wallis.

And yet, for reasons we’ll come to, Baldwin allowed the divorce to go ahead in order to precipitate an abdication.

In 1936 there had to be one innocent and one guilty party. And even though Ernest Simpson was prepared to be seen as the guilty party – booking a night in the Hotel de Paris in Bray, Berkshire with a woman who wrote her name in the hotel register as ‘Buttercup Kennedy’ -many citizens wrote in to say that Wallis was no innocent party.

A further obstacle was the fact that in 1936 you couldn’t get a divorce if the ‘innocent’ and the ‘guilty’ party conspired together to produce the evidence. Such a practice was known as ‘collusion’ and very bizarrely meant in effect that you couldn’t get a divorce if both sides agreed they wanted one. Now it was obvious the Simpsons had colluded since she repaid his hotel expenses. But nothing was said or done to stop the divorce.


Episode 03 - A quietly brilliant palace coup




 

Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin - when the news broke of the abdication he told the house that Edward was no longer a boy

Edward hadn’t given up the idea of marrying Wallis and remaining King

By the 4 December 1936 Edward hadn’t given up the idea of marrying Wallis and remaining King. Cake and eat it time.

He told Baldwin he wanted to broadcast to the nation to see if ‘our people’ would in fact support him. Baldwin turned him down flat. That, he said, would do nothing but divide the nation, pitching the king against the Government. Besides, he told him, most people were against. It turns out however that British public opinion was in fact split down the middle. But Baldwin wasn’t going to risk Edward finding that out.

It worked. The next day, 5 December 1936, Edward told Baldwin firmly that he was going to abdicate.

The day after, 6 December, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cosmo Lang, unaware that the king had already ‘fallen into line’ was still putting pressure on Baldwin via the editor of the Times, Geoffrey Dawson.

If Baldwin didn’t force Edward to quit, Lang would get the Times to print the following statement from him, the senior cleric in the land: ‘I have heard from a trustworthy source that His Majesty is mentally ill’, that he’d ‘shown symptoms of persecution-mania’ and ‘had undergone treatment for alcoholism.’ These were unsubstantiated allegations. It was nothing short of blackmail.

 

He escaped a job he couldn’t stand, for a wife who couldn’t stand him.

Sober Bertie was much more suitable as king. His wife Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was popular and they had two charming daughters

Wallis never meant to marry Edward
 
During their photo session at the chateau, Wallis told Beaton that, ‘during the entire period of these discussions [meaning all the meetings about the Abdication] Mr Baldwin held in his possession papers which had been signed by [her] to the effect that she was willing to stop divorce proceedings against her husband.’

She and Ernest had their own nickname for Edward, Peter Pan – a man who refused to grow up. In fact right up the granting of the divorce after the abdication, Wallis Simpson was writing to Ernest Simpson appalled at the direction events had taken and half wishing they could call a halt and get back together.
 
Wallis all but blamed Baldwin for the mess she now found herself in, exiled to a luxurious French chateau, loaded with cash and jewels, but effectively forced to marry a man with whom, as Cecil Beaton recorded in his diary, it was obvious she was not in love.
 
Edward as king was a liability. Edward’s father George V had said ‘my eldest son will never succeed me. He will abdicate…. After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself within 12 months.’ And that was before Wallis appeared on the scene.
 
As king, Edward left highly confidential state papers lying about for anyone – including Wallis Simpson - to look at. He didn’t receive important visitors with respect and seriousness and he offended everyone by failing to go to church – he only went twice in his entire reign.
 
Given half a chance to replace him with his sober brother Bertie, with two small and charming daughters, the government of Stanley Baldwin seems to have had little hesitation. It was a quietly brilliant palace coup.


More info and photos here.
SS officer Schellenberg sent the Duke a message that they wanted him to stand by to resume his throne. The Duke replied in which he responded ‘kindly to the message of German interest’ and promised to be in touch

Lisbon 1940, the Duke of Windsor, advises the Germans to bomb the Brits mercilessly until they sue for peace
 
By the time the Germans invaded France in 1940. Edward was back in Paris, in theory, a senior serving officer in the British military mission! But his younger brother, now King George V had made it extremely plain that he was not to be shown anything remotely secret.
 
After the war a mass of German documents were discovered by the Americans. For over a decade the British tried to prevent the publication of one particular file, known as the Marburg File because of where it was discovered.
 
It proved that the Duke of Windsor had been stirring up opposition to the British in Paris. It also showed how once the Windsors had fled Paris in 1940 the Germans launched Operation Willi, a very high-level attempt to persuade the Duke to go to a neutral country and to stand by to resume his throne if the Nazis could fix things with Britain. British intelligence found out about Operation Willi and Churchill took the decision to get the Windsors right out of Europe, appointing Edward Governor of the Bahamas.
 
But when the Windsors arrived in Lisbon on 2 July 1940 they did not take a ship for the Caribbean. Instead, they hung around at the home of a rich Portuguese banker, making anti-Churchill remarks. The Duke suggested, for anyone to hear, that the Germans bomb the Brits mercilessly until they sued for peace.
 
Churchill finally threatened them sufficiently to force them to set sail on 1 August. And it was just in time. That very day SS intelligence chief Walter Schellenburg arrived in Lisbon armed with 50 million Swiss franks and orders, if necessary, to kidnap the Duke. The German agent even got a message aboard the ship. The Duke got one back, in which he responded ‘kindly to the message of German interest’ and promised to be in touch.
 
It was later discovered that the Duke had left his Portuguese host a code word, promising to return to Europe if he received it. Sinister.
 
Postscript: It was never a happy marriage. As the decades of pampered idleness stretched on Wallis had a series of very public affairs, treating Edward with mounting and obvious disdain.
 
He had escaped a job he couldn’t stand, for a wife who couldn’t stand him.
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